Selasa, 23 Oktober 2012

thermometer

thermometer
To measure the temperature can not be used tentacle of our senses, because it will be very subjective and from person to person will vary depending on the sensitivity of the sense of feeling on.
Therefore, the temperature is measured with an instrument called a thermometer.

In making the thermometer scale, we must first determine the reference temperature. From here there are three different types of thermometer scale is known today, the Celsius thermometer, Reamur, and Fahrenheit.

Determination of the scale on the Celsius thermometer worn number 0 when the ice melts and the number 100 when the water boils. Between zero and 100 divided into 100 sections in a linear manner. Each part is called or scale degrees Celsius. This division can be forwarded to up or down. So at this thermometer ice melts at 0oC, and water boils at 100oC.

Reamur scale created by taking the number 0 for the ice to melt and the 80 for the water to boil. Between 0 and 80 is divided into 80 parts linearly. Each part is called Reamur scale.

Fahrenheit thermometer, unlike centigrade thermometer and reamur in taking the reference temperature. On the Fahrenheit thermometer ice melting at number 32, and water boils at 212 points. Between numbers 32 and 212 divided into 180 sections linearly. Each part is called the Fahrenheit scale.


Understanding Cooperatives

Understanding Cooperatives
Understanding cooperatives pursuant to Law No. 25 of year 1992 is the business which consists of the person or legal entity with the bases cooperative activities based on the principle of cooperation as well as economic movement is based on the principle of the family.
Cooperative is a collection of people and not a collection of capital. Cooperatives must truly serve the interests of humanity, and not merely to the material. Cooperation in the cooperative based on a sense of equality and awareness of its members. Cooperative is an organization of economic and social democracy. Cooperatives are common property of the members, administrators and managers. Enterprises are governed in accordance with the wishes of its members through deliberation meeting.
Cooperative as a business entity may carry on his own and can also work with other entities, such as private companies and state enterprises.
The characteristics of Cooperative
Some characteristics of the cooperative are:

    
* Society people.
    
* Profit sharing by comparison services. Capital services limited.
    
* The goal lighten the economic burden of its members, improve the welfare of its members, in particular and society in general.
    
* Capital is not fixed, it changes according to the number of member savings.
    
* Not concerned with capital inflows / work effort but the principle of membership.
    
* In a meeting of members of each of their respective members or vote irrespective of the amount of capital each.
    
* Each member is free to enter / exit (members changed) so that the cooperatives are not permanent capital.
    
* As well as a limited liability company (PT), the Cooperative has a Legal Entity form.
    
* Running a business
    
* Responsible for the management of cooperatives is.
    
* Cooperative is not a collection of some of the capital that seeks to profit maximization.
    
* Cooperative is a joint venture of kinship and mutual support. Each member is obliged to work together to achieve the goal of welfare of the members.
    
* Losses to be shared among members. If the cooperative suffered a loss, then the members of the bear together. Members who are not able to release the burden / responsibility of loss. Losses incurred by members who are able.
The purpose Cooperative
According to Law No. 25 of 1992, Article 3 of the cooperative aims to promote the welfare of its members in particular and society in general as well as help build the structure of the national economy in order to realize an advanced society, just and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.

Understanding Simple Present Tense


Simple present tense is a verb form most commonly used in the English language which is used to reveal the factual events and habitual (customs), general and non-general, instruction, or plan or schedule.


Formula Simple Present Tense

The formula for the simple present tense sentences positive, negative, and interrogative following example can be seen in the table below.
Type of Formula Sample Sentences Simple Present Tense
positive (+) S + / - aux. verb (do / does) + V-1 She likes eating out.
My friend cares about my problems.
S + be (am / is / are) He's a magician.
The children are naughty.
negative (-) S + aux. verb (do / does) + not + bare infinitive She does not like eating out.
My friend does not care about my problems.
S + be (am / is / are) + not He is not a magician.
The children are not naughty.
interrogative (?) aux. verb (do / does) + S + bare infinitive Does she like eating out?
Does my friend care about my problems?
be (am / is / are) + S Is he a magician?
Are the children naughty?
Note:

    * In a positive sentence, the auxiliary verb is not normally used. Aux. verb is used only when necessary to emphasize the necessity to take action verb.
    * Verb-1 on the subject in the form of third-person singular pronoun (she, he, it) or noun, add s or es.
    * Bare infinitive is a V-1 in the form of a simple (no extra s or ice even for a third person singular subject).
    * Be used is a linking verb.


Examples of Simple Present Tense

Some examples of the simple present tense functions are as follows.
Examples of Simple Present Tense Functions
Simple present tense is used in habitual action (action that occur repeatedly) using the adverb of adverb of frequency or number. He always consumes low GI rice.
(He's always eating low GI rice.)
She sends money to her parents much in the village every month.
(She sent money to her parents in the village every month.)
Simple present tense is used to give instructions or action series. You add a glass of coconut milk into a pan and then boil it.
(You add a glass of milk into a saucepan and boil.)
You go straight ahead then turn left.
(You go right ahead and then turn left.)
Factual (general truths / facts are irrefutable) The sun rises from the east and sets in the west.
(The sun rises from the eastern horizon and sets in the west.)
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
(Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.)
Simple present tense is used in the general action (occurring at any time: past (in the past), present (current), and future (future)) except for the verb can be no general action. [General: occur anytime]
She is so beautiful.
(She is very pretty.)
[Not general: happening now]
He's angry.
(He's mad.)
Simple present tense is used to talk about a plan or schedule in the future but it has a period close to the present. Generally talking about transportation or event. Verb used include: arrive, come, and leave. The ship leaves the harbor this night at 7 o'clock.
(The ship left the port this evening at 7.)
He arrives from Osaka at 1 pm.
(He arrived from Osaka 1 pm.)
The ceremony starts at nine.
(The ceremony begins at nine.)
Simple present tense is used in the if conditional type 1. If you meet the naughty boy, your parents will be angry.
(If you see that bad boy, your parents will be upset.)
I will go swimming if I have free time.
(I will go swimming if there is time.)

DEFINITION TENSES

1. Present Tenses
- Simple present tense
The Simple Present Tense is the tense of the most widely used, and because most of the discussion will also be longer. The meaning is simple simple, while the present is now. So to say that the Simple Present is tenses (sentence patterns) used to tell the current time in a simple form. Present are names other than FORM 1. So whenever you see the word tenses present in any case, we can be sure that he uses the form 1 - form what? yeah verb form, it is mandatory for all predicate verb.
- Present Continuous tense
Present Continuous tense in English tenses are used for ongoing action now, speaking at events and actions that lasted only for a short period of time. Present Continuous tense is also called the Present Progressive Tense.
- Present Perfect tense
Forms of the Present Perfect tense in English tenses are used for a simple act of ongoing or new sajar stopped, but it has influence to the present day. Placing an emphasis on results.
- Present Perfect Continuous tense
Present Perfect Continuous reveal actions that have been initiated in the past and still continues. English tenses are also used to tell the story that began in the past and have just finished.
2. Past Tenses
- Simple Past tense
Simple past tense is used to express the events that have occurred at a particular time in the past. events can be short or long. Means can also be several events happening one after one. In general, there are two important facts to remember in english tenses this:
- Irregular verbs (Irregular Verbs)
- Negative sentences and questions are not as positive sentence but retain the basic form of the verb
- Past Continuous tense
Past Continuous Tense reveal past actions ongoing. actions can sometimes also interrupted by something. english tenses form is also called Past Progressive Tense.
- Past Perfect Tense
We use Past Pefect (simple) tense to indicate an action in the past related to other actions in the past before.
- Past Perfect Continuous tense
 
Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express an action that began in the past and lasted until another action in the past.
The difference between the Present Perfect Continuous and Past Perfect Continuous is:
Present Perfect Continuous reveals action continues today whereas Past Perfect Continuous is not.
3. (Present) Future Tenses
- (Present) Future Simple tense
Among all forms of Future tenses, Future Simple is the most common, used in many situations such as when making promises, predictions or plans. Future Tense is also called the Present Future Tense
Simple Future Tense is divided into two forms, namely "Will / shall" and "going to" but have different uses.
"Going to" is used to express an action plan that had been made before berbicara.Juga jauh2 used to express a prediction based on current signs (most likely inevitable)
"Going to" is also known in the word "gonna" are often used in informal situations. IMPORTANT: Avoid using the word "gonna" in the English language exam or formal atmosphere.
"Will" is used to express an action plan that you just think / have not planned / spontaneous moment berbicara.juga used to reveal the prophecy will happen based on calculations or feelings (not necessarily certainty).
- (Present) Future Continuous tense
Future Continuous tense is generally used to indicate that we would be in the middle of an event within a specified time in the future. Future also known as Continuous Present Continuous Future.
Future Continuous has two forms of "will" and "going to" have the same meanings when used interchangeable. In contrast to the use of the simple future tense.

- (Present) Future Perfect tense
Future Perfect tenses we use the English language to express events that will be completed in the future that has already begun in the past. Future Perfect Future Perfect also called Present Tense or Future Perfect Simple Tense.
- (Present) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
We use the Future Perfect Continuous tenses english to narrate events that will take place at a specific time in the future. Future Perfect Continuous Tense is also known as the Present Continuous or Future Perfect Future Perfect Progressive.
4. Conditional / Future Past Tense
- (Simple) Conditional / Future Past tense
Past Simple Future Tense is used to express the events that will occur in the past (not the present, as opposed to simple future tense).
- Conditional / Future Past Continuous tense
We use the Past Continuous or Past Future Progressive Future tense english to tell an action to be happening in the past (for what is happening in the now called Future Continuous Tense).
- Conditional / Past Perfect Future tense
Pefect Future Past Tense is used to express actions that would have done in the past (please compare the difference with the Future Perfect Tense).
- Conditional / Future Past Perfect Continuous tense
English past tense is used to express the events that would have been happening in the past. Past future perfect continuous tense has similarities with the future perfect continuous tense.

statistics

Understanding Statistics and Data

Statistics is the science that studies collect, collate, process, analyze, summarize, and present research data. While statistics are processed and the data analysis.
Data (plural) is a description of the object studied. While datum (singular) is a description of the object studied. Data is divided into two, namely Numerical Data (quantity) and data categories (kualitas. numerical data is data in the form of measurements or calculations. While categorical data is data that is not a number. Data was collected:

   
1. Chopping / count
   
2. Measure
   
3. Using tally or pillar




Population and Sample

The population is the entire object that has the characteristics (properties) to be studied together.
The samples are part of the population that can represent the true state of the population studied.



CENTRAL TENDENCY (Size Pooled)


   
1. Arithmetic mean (Mean)
   
2. Modus
   
3. Median



EXAMPLE:
Data: 162.160, 170, 165, 167, 170, 165
Mean => average count
ex: n = 162 +160 +170 +165 +167 +170 +165:7
= 1159:7 = 165.57


Mode => value that often arises
EXAMPLE:
Data: 160, 162, 165, 165, 167, 170, 170
Modus is 165 and 170


Median => middle value after the data sorted
EXAMPLE:
Data sequences: 160, 162, 165, 165, 167, 170, 170
The median is 165


Mean in frequency table

EXAMPLE:


Rated 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency 3 6 5 17 5 4


Mean
= E (fx): ef = 3 (5) + 6 (6) + 5 (7) + 17 (8) + 5 (9) + 4 (10): 3 + 6 + 5 + 17 + 5 + 4
= 15 + 36 + 35 + 136 + 45 + 40:40 = 307:40
= 7.675


Size Single Data Transmitting


   
1. Range (data range)
   
2. Quartile
   
3. Reach quartile
   
4. Reach interquartile
   
5. Quartile deviation




Range (data range)
    
Data highest - lowest data
Quartile = Q
    
Dividers data into 4 parts as much Q1, Q2, Q3 Q2 = Median
Jangakuan quartile = interquartile range
    
Q3 - Q1
Quartile deviation
    
Q3 - Q1: 2




Presentation of Data


   
1. Presenting the data
   
2. Reading / interpreting data


Presentation of data visualized through:

   
1. Pictogram / symbol / image
   
2. Bar chart
   
3. Diagram line
   
4. Pie charts